{"id":2595,"date":"2022-11-03T10:24:15","date_gmt":"2022-11-03T07:24:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/metinormanurunleri.com\/vetonk\/uncategorized\/combination-radiochemotherapy-treatment-of-a-cat-diagnosed-with-nasal-b-cell-lymphoma-a-case-report\/"},"modified":"2022-11-27T12:06:52","modified_gmt":"2022-11-27T09:06:52","slug":"combination-radiochemotherapy-treatment-of-a-cat-diagnosed-with-nasal-b-cell-lymphoma-a-case-report","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/veterineronkoloji.com\/en\/cases\/combination-radiochemotherapy-treatment-of-a-cat-diagnosed-with-nasal-b-cell-lymphoma-a-case-report\/","title":{"rendered":"Combination Radiochemotherapy Treatment Of A Cat Diagnosed With Nasal B-Cell Lymphoma: A Case Report"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>Sumeyye TOYGA(1), Evrim EGEDEN(2), Gulay YUZBASIOGLU OZTURK(3), Funda YILDIRIM(3), Zuleyha AKGUN(4)<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small;\">(1)Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate School of Educa?on, Department of Pathology, Buyukcekmece, 34500, Istanbul, Turkey. (2)Ada Veterinary Clinic, Besiktas, 34330 Istanbul, Turkey.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small;\">(3)Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Buyukcekmece, 34500 Istanbul, Turkey.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small;\">(4)Istanbul Bilgi University, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sisli, 34060, Istanbul, Turkey.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>E-Mail: toygasumeyye@gmail.com<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<p><b>INTRODUCTION<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>Nasal lymphoma is the most common nasal tumor in cats. Cats with nasal lymphoma show respiratory clinical signs, including runny nose, epistaxis, dyspnea, facial deformities, anorexia, and buphthalmia. Histopathology, as well as immunohistochemical methods, plays an important role in the diagnosis of nasal lymphoma. Histopathologically, nasal lymphoma in cats is usually high grade, and cases of feline nasal lymphoma are generally reported to be B-cell lymphoma. Radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and their combination are used as a treatment for feline nasal lymphoma tumors. The surgical method is not preferred because it is difficult to reach the area anatomically. In general, nasal lymphoma cases are sensitive to radiotherapy, and there are studies on a favorable prognosis and average survival time in cases treated with radiotherapy. In this case report, it is aimed to specify the clinicopathological features of feline nasal lymphoma tumor, to contribute to the current literature knowledge with diagnostic histomorphological and immunohistochemical distinction and combined therapy of radiotherapy and chemotherapy.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><b> MATERIAL-METHOD<\/b><\/div>\n<div>The case is a 7-year-old female tricolor cat with a mass in the nasal region. Physical examination revealed hyperplasic neoplasia from the right maxillary region to the frontal region, including the nasal cavity, and associated deformation <span style=\"color: #cc0000;\">(FIGURE 1A)<\/span>.<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-480 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/metinormanurunleri.com\/vetonk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/adsiz-tasarim-2-kopyasi-0009b556.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1000\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veterineronkoloji.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/adsiz-tasarim-2-kopyasi-0009b556.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/veterineronkoloji.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/adsiz-tasarim-2-kopyasi-0009b556-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/veterineronkoloji.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/adsiz-tasarim-2-kopyasi-0009b556-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/veterineronkoloji.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/adsiz-tasarim-2-kopyasi-0009b556-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/p>\n<div>\n<div>\n<p><b><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Figure 1.A Hyperplasic neoplasia and related deformation were observed from the right maxillary region to the frontal region including the nasal cavity.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>Monocytosis and severe anemia were detected in the complete blood count and serum biochemical analysis (IDEXX Catalyst Dx\u00ae Biochemical Analyzer, IDEXX ProCyte\u00ae Hematology Analyzer). The blood group of the patient whose medical treatment was started was determined (Alvedia Quick test CT). Medical treatment for blood values was applied for premedication. With the improvement of the clinical findings, a biopsy sample was taken under general anesthesia. After the samples were fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution, they were subjected to routine tissue follow-up processes, embedded in paraffin blocks, tissue sections taken with a thickness of 4-5 \u03bcm were stained with Hematoxylin &amp; Eosin (H&amp;E) and examined histopathologically. Extra sections were taken on poly-L lysin-coated slides and immunohistochemically marked with vimentin, cytokeratin, CD79A, CD3, and PCNA antibodies using the Streptavidin-Biotin method. The case with a diagnosis of B-cell nasal lymphoma was scanned under general anesthesia with Computed Tomography (CT) for metastasis investigation and target volume determination, for radiotherapy planning.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><b>FINDINGS CLINICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS<\/b><br \/>\nIn the clinical examination of the case, hyperemic areas were observed in places where a neoplastic mass reaching from the right maxilla to the frontal sinus formed facial deformation and formed pseudopigmentation in the region <span style=\"color: #cc0000;\">(FIGURE 1B)<\/span>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-481 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/metinormanurunleri.com\/vetonk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/1-00533f72.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1000\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veterineronkoloji.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/1-00533f72.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/veterineronkoloji.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/1-00533f72-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/veterineronkoloji.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/1-00533f72-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/veterineronkoloji.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/1-00533f72-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<p><b><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Figure 1.B <\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<div><b><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Hyperemic areas where it forms pseudo pigmentation<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-482\" src=\"https:\/\/metinormanurunleri.com\/vetonk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/2-010014d2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1000\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veterineronkoloji.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/2-010014d2.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/veterineronkoloji.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/2-010014d2-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/veterineronkoloji.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/2-010014d2-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/veterineronkoloji.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/2-010014d2-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/div>\n<div>\n<div><b>Figure 1.C Image after the first radiotherapy session<\/b><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">It was determined that the nasal cavity was much larger than normal and its regular appearance had completely changed, and the mass in the nasal cavity caused dyspnea and stertor symptoms. Medical treatment was initiated in the intensive care unit for the patient, who had lethargy due to rapid weight loss due to anorexia and severe anemia accompanied by monocytosis in the hematological examination. After a histopathological diagnosis was made, a CT scan was performed to calculate the lesion borders, and target volume for radiotherapy and to control metastasis.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<div><b><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n<div>\n<p><b><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">HISTOPATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">The neoplasm was composed of densely packed sheets and rows of neoplastic cells supported by a thin fibrovascular stroma. The neoplastic cells were large with a moderate amount of eosinophilic cytoplasm and indistinct cell borders. The nuclei were round to ovoid in shape, vesicular, and contained centrally located prominent nucleoli <span style=\"color: #cc0000;\">(FIGURE 2A and 2B)<\/span>. <\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-484\" src=\"https:\/\/metinormanurunleri.com\/vetonk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ekran-resmi-2022-05-09-13-05-26-02dd87e5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"276\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veterineronkoloji.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ekran-resmi-2022-05-09-13-05-26-02dd87e5.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/veterineronkoloji.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ekran-resmi-2022-05-09-13-05-26-02dd87e5-300x83.jpg 300w, https:\/\/veterineronkoloji.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ekran-resmi-2022-05-09-13-05-26-02dd87e5-768x212.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/div>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><b>Figure 2. Histopathology of nasal lymphoma. H&amp;E. (A). Celularluy dense neoplasm composed of densely packed sheets and rows of large, round to ovoid shaped neoplastic cells with indistinct cell borders and eosinophilic cytoplasm. 100X Bar=100 \u03bcm (B). Neoplastic cells have round to ovoid shaped vesicular nuclei with prominent nucleolus (arrowheads). <\/b><b>Atypical mitotic figures (arrows). 600x Bar=20 \u03bcm<\/b><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Marked anisocytosis and anisokaryosis were present with several mitotic figures. Immunohistochemically diffuse and strong expression of CD79A <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"color: #cc0000;\">(FIGURE 3A) <\/span>and vimentin <span style=\"color: #cc0000;\">(FIGURE 3B)<\/span> were seen in neoplastic cells. CD3 and cytokeratin expression were remarkably negative. The tumor was diagnosed as diffuse large B cell lymphoma according to morphological findings and immunohistochemical profile.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-485 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/metinormanurunleri.com\/vetonk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ekran-resmi-2022-05-09-13-06-47-0187788f.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"281\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veterineronkoloji.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ekran-resmi-2022-05-09-13-06-47-0187788f.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/veterineronkoloji.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ekran-resmi-2022-05-09-13-06-47-0187788f-300x84.jpg 300w, https:\/\/veterineronkoloji.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ekran-resmi-2022-05-09-13-06-47-0187788f-768x216.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>Figure 3. Immunohistochemistry of nasal lymphoma. 200X Bar= 20 \u03bcm (A) Strong and diffuse expression of vimentin. (B) Diffuse CD79 expression in neoplsatic cell cytoplasms.<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>TREATMENT<\/b><br \/>\n45 cc blood transfusion from a suitable donor was applied to our patient with B blood group, whose clinical findings were severe. Medical treatment for blood values was applied for premedication. After the improvement of his general condition and hematological values with treatment, a radiotherapy protocol was created based on the literature for the patient who underwent a CT scan. Radiotherapy sessions consisted of twelve fractions of 300 cGy on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays<\/span>[3]<span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. The target volume was determined by images obtained from the patient&#8217;s computed tomography. The planning target volume included a 3 cm margin around the clinical target volume. Radiation was given as VMAT technique with 6MV beams on a Truebeam STX (Varian Medical Systems) machine. Immobilization was performed with a thermoplastic mask under anesthesia<span style=\"color: #cc0000;\"> (FIGURE 4)<\/span>.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-486\" src=\"https:\/\/metinormanurunleri.com\/vetonk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ekran-resmi-2022-05-09-13-16-30-022432ca.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"678\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veterineronkoloji.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ekran-resmi-2022-05-09-13-16-30-022432ca.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/veterineronkoloji.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ekran-resmi-2022-05-09-13-16-30-022432ca-300x203.jpg 300w, https:\/\/veterineronkoloji.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ekran-resmi-2022-05-09-13-16-30-022432ca-768x521.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/div>\n<div>After the radiotherapy sessions were over, the neoplastic mass also regressed and the clinical course of the case was positive, but the treatment was continued with chemotherapy for the possibility of recurrence of the malignant neoplasia. Chemotherapy protocol CHOP depot steroid was administered over a period of 34 weeks <span style=\"color: #cc0000;\">(FIGURE 5)<\/span>. Complete blood count was done within 24 hours before chemotherapy applications. If the patient had neutropenia (Neutrophil count \u2264 2.000 cells\/\u03bcl), Thrombocytopenia (Platelet count \u2264 50,000 cells\/\u03bcl), and digestive system problems due to previous chemotherapy, the chemotherapy session was postponed for 3-7 days and complete blood count was performed again.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-487 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/metinormanurunleri.com\/vetonk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ekran-resmi-2022-05-09-13-17-26-007db1c1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"688\" height=\"1202\" srcset=\"https:\/\/veterineronkoloji.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ekran-resmi-2022-05-09-13-17-26-007db1c1.jpg 688w, https:\/\/veterineronkoloji.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ekran-resmi-2022-05-09-13-17-26-007db1c1-172x300.jpg 172w, https:\/\/veterineronkoloji.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/ekran-resmi-2022-05-09-13-17-26-007db1c1-586x1024.jpg 586w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 688px) 100vw, 688px\" \/><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>DISCUSSION-CONCLUSION<\/b><br \/>\nInformation on the classification and treatment of highly malignant and common nasal lymphoma cases in cats is still limited. This situation makes it difficult to establish the most effective treatment against these neoplasms today. We think that chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which are known treatment methods, are effective for lymphoma in cats, but the combined radiochemotherapy protocol is an optimized method that will reduce the possibility of possible recurrence due to both its well-tolerated and progressive character of cat nasal tumors. We believe that our case diagnosed with B-cell high-grade nasal lymphoma, whose clinical symptoms have decreased since the beginning of the treatment and whose quality of life has increased, can contribute to the science of veterinary oncology by achieving a 455-day remission in the combined treatment of radiotherapy and chemotherapy.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>REFERENCE<\/b> <\/span>[1]<span style=\"font-size: small;\"> Valli V, Bienzle D, Meuten D. Tumours of the hemolymphatic system. In: Meuten D, ed. Tumours in Domestic Animals. Ames, IA: John Wiley; 2017: 203\u2013210. <\/span>[2]<span style=\"font-size: small;\"> Nakazawa M, Tomiyasu H, Suzuki K, Asada H, Fujiwara-Igarashi A, Goto-Koshino Y, Ohmi A, Ohno K, Fujita M, Tsujimoto H. Efficacy of chemotherapy and palliative hypofractionated radiotherapy for cats with nasal lymphoma. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 83(3): 456\u2013460, 2021 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>[3]<span style=\"font-size: small;\"> Cunha S, Corgozinho K, Ferreria A. Treatment of Two Cats with Advanced Nasal Lymphoma with Orthovoltage Radiation Therapy and Systemic Chemotherapy. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, 2016. 44(Suppl 1): 180.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sumeyye TOYGA(1), Evrim EGEDEN(2), Gulay YUZBASIOGLU OZTURK(3), Funda YILDIRIM(3), Zuleyha AKGUN(4) \u00a0 (1)Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate School of Educa?on, Department of Pathology, Buyukcekmece, 34500, Istanbul, Turkey. (2)Ada Veterinary Clinic, Besiktas, 34330 Istanbul, Turkey. (3)Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Buyukcekmece, 34500 Istanbul, Turkey. (4)Istanbul Bilgi University, Department of Radiation [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1491,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2595","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cases"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Combination Radiochemotherapy Treatment Of A Cat Diagnosed With Nasal B-Cell Lymphoma: A Case Report - Veteriner Onkoloji<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Sumeyye TOYGA(1), Evrim EGEDEN(2), Gulay YUZBASIOGLU OZTURK(3), Funda YILDIRIM(3), Zuleyha AKGUN(4) \u00a0 (1)Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/veterineronkoloji.com\/en\/cases\/combination-radiochemotherapy-treatment-of-a-cat-diagnosed-with-nasal-b-cell-lymphoma-a-case-report\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Combination Radiochemotherapy Treatment Of A Cat Diagnosed With Nasal B-Cell Lymphoma: A Case Report - 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